Esaale Thawaab
Question
What is the ruling in Quran n Sunnah about doing tawaf or umrah for deceiced or alive people so that the Sawab from that Ibadah reaches to the person you intend to get sawab. Like some people do tawaf in the name of Muhammad SAW sallallahu alayhi wasallamand fot his Zauj, Azwaj e Muthaharaat RA. People also do dhabha in zil hajj in the name of Allah but for Muhammad SAW and their dead parents to get the Ajar. If there is no such thing as sending our duas for the people of the past then how come we send Durood o Salam to Muhammad sallallahu alayhi wasallamSAW.
Please enlighten.
Answer
In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful.
As-salāmu ‘alaykum wa-rahmatullāhi wa-barakātuh.
To do voluntary acts of worship and make intention of giving the rewards of such worship to someone else, living or dead is known as Isale-Thawaab. This is an Arabic term which means to pass over the Thawaab (reward). Consider the following Ahaadeeth:
صحيح البخاري (2756)
Hazrat Ibn `Abbas (radiallahu anhuma) narrates:
The mother of Sa`d bin ‘Ubada (radiallahu anhu) died in his absence. He said, “O Allah’s Messenger (sallallahu alayhi wasallam)! My mother died in my absence; will it be of any benefit for her if I give Sadaqa on her behalf?” The Prophet (sallallahu alayhi wasallam) said, “Yes,” Sa`d (radiallahu anhu) said, “I make you a witness that I gave my garden called Al Makhraf in charity on her behalf.”(Sahih Bukhari: 2756)
صحيح مسلم (1639)
Hazrat Abu Hurairah (radiallahu anhu) reported that a person said to Allah’s Apostle (sallallahu alayhi wasallam):
My father died and left behind property without making any will regarding it. Would he be relieved of the burden of his sins if I give sadaqa on his behalf? He (the Holy Prophet) said: Yes. (Sahih Muslim: 1639)
It is clearly understood from the above mentioned Hadeeth that it is permissible for one to convey the reward of his good deeds to the next person, living or dead. [1]
And Allah Ta’āla Knows Best
References (Arabic / Urdu sources)
حَدَّثَنَا مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ سَلاَمٍ، أَخْبَرَنَا مَخْلَدُ بْنُ يَزِيدَ، أَخْبَرَنَا ابْنُ جُرَيْجٍ، قَالَ: أَخْبَرَنِي يَعْلَى، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ عِكْرِمَةَ، يَقُولُ: أَنْبَأَنَا ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمَا: أَنَّ سَعْدَ بْنَ عُبَادَةَ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ تُوُفِّيَتْ أُمُّهُ وَهُوَ غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا، فَقَالَ: يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ إِنَّ أُمِّي تُوُفِّيَتْ وَأَنَا غَائِبٌ عَنْهَا، أَيَنْفَعُهَا شَيْءٌ إِنْ تَصَدَّقْتُ بِهِ عَنْهَا؟ قَالَ: «نَعَمْ»، قَالَ: فَإِنِّي أُشْهِدُكَ أَنَّ حَائِطِيَ المِخْرَافَ صَدَقَةٌ عَلَيْهَا
حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى بْنُ أَيُّوبَ، وَقُتَيْبَةُ بْنُ سَعِيدٍ، وَعَلِيُّ بْنُ حُجْرٍ، قَالُوا: حَدَّثَنَا إِسْمَاعِيلُ وَهُوَ ابْنُ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنِ الْعَلَاءِ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ، عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ، أَنَّ رَجُلًا قَالَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ: إِنَّ أَبِي مَاتَ وَتَرَكَ مَالًا، وَلَمْ يُوصِ، فَهَلْ يُكَفِّرُ عَنْهُ أَنْ أَتَصَدَّقَ عَنْهُ؟ قَالَ: نَعَمْ
- Answered by
- Asim Patel (Student Darul Iftaa)
- Checked & approved by
- Mufti Ebrahim Desai
Fatawa SA is an independent, read-only index of fatawa already published by Jamiatul Ulama KZN. It is not a fatwa service. For your own situation, ask the issuing Darul Ifta directly.