Can a woman travel or drive without a mahram?

“A1. The Kitaabs of Fiqh state that a female is prohibited from travelling Safr distance (which is 48 miles or 78 km) without a Mahram. [Re: Fataawa Uthmaaniyyah Vol:10 Pg:107] However, in our times of Fitnah, a female should always remain with a Mahram when venturing outdoors.”

“It is not permissible for a woman to travel the distance of 78 km or more without a mahram accompanying her. Severe warnings have been sounded in the Mubaarak Ahaadith for a woman travelling without a mahram.”

“It is permissible for a woman to drive if there is a real need to do so and there is no fear of Fitnah or danger to her in any way. However, she should ensure that she adheres strictly to the laws of Hijab and she does not drive the Safr distance i.e. 78 km or more if she is not accompanied by a Mahram.”

“It is impermissible for a mature female to travel the distance of a Shari Safar i.e. 77km without an accompanying Mahram or husband.”